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Private university enrollments jump 16% in three years

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Private university enrollments jump 16% in three years

ISLAMABAD, Nov 19 (Wealth Pakistan) – Enrolments in private universities have increased by 16 percent over the last three years. The number rose from 113,618 in 2021–22 to 150,127 in 2023–24. The Federal Ministry of Education and Professional Training compiled the data, and it shows that demand for higher education is rising across the country.

Rise in private university admissions

Private universities continued to grow during this period. Enrolments increased to 130,603 in 2022–23 and then to 150,127 in 2023–24. Moreover, the steady rise indicates that more students are choosing private institutions due to wider program options.

Increase in public university admissions

Public universities also recorded higher enrolments. They admitted 555,214 students in 2021–22, 578,963 in 2022–23, and 603,728 in 2023–24. As a result, the combined enrolments in public and private institutions rose from 668,832 in 2021–22 to 752,781 in 2023–24.

Province-wise enrolment trends

The province-wise data shows mixed but stable trends.
In Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 8,095 students enrolled in 2021–22, 7,900 in 2022–23, and 7,859 in 2023–24. In Balochistan, enrolments were 11,357 in 2021–22, 10,885 in 2022–23, and 10,997 in 2023–24. Although these numbers fluctuated, the overall trend stayed steady.

Highest enrolment in Islamabad

The Islamabad Capital Territory recorded the highest student numbers. It enrolled 267,013 students in 2021–22, 284,239 in 2022–23, and 294,838 in 2023–24. In contrast, Gilgit-Baltistan recorded lower enrolments, with 3,519 in 2021–22, 2,626 in 2022–23, and 2,681 in 2023–24.

Enrolment trends in KP, Punjab, and Sindh

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa enrolled 63,789 students in 2021–22, 64,090 in 2022–23, and 64,391 in 2023–24. Meanwhile, Punjab showed strong growth, rising from 224,641 in 2021–22 to 272,263 in 2023–24. Sindh also recorded a gradual increase, moving from 90,418 in 2021–22 to 99,752 in 2023–24.

HEC efforts to expand higher education

According to the Higher Education Commission (HEC), it has taken several steps to expand access to higher education. New universities and sub-campuses were set up in remote areas, and as a result, students in underserved regions gained better opportunities for higher studies.

Government-funded development projects

The federal government funded many projects to support universities. These include new campuses, academic blocks, hostels, and laboratories. In addition, the projects cover faculty training, ICT upgrades, transport facilities, and equipment procurement to strengthen the learning environment.

HEC development portfolio and scholarship schemes

For FY2025–26, the HEC allocated Rs39 billion for 140 development projects. Furthermore, the government launched various merit-based and need-based scholarships to help students at undergraduate, postgraduate, and post-doctoral levels continue their studies.

Faculty development programs

HEC also introduced several programs to enhance teaching quality and research skills. These programs aim to improve academic standards and ensure that universities offer high-quality education nationwide.

Support for research and innovation

HEC runs many research and innovation programs. These include the National Research Program for Universities, Technology Development Fund, Grand Challenge Fund, Local Challenge Fund, Rapid Research Grant, Technology Transfer Support Fund, and the Center of Excellence Grant. In addition, a separate program supports joint research with international partners.

Digital learning initiatives

To improve digital access, the government launched national projects such as the Prime Minister’s Laptop Scheme, Smart Universities (smart classrooms), PERN connectivity, Digital Library, DELSI, National Video Conferencing Network, Education Transformation Agreement, Microsoft Certifications, Huawei ICT Academy Program, and the Higher Education TV channel. Consequently, students now have better access to digital learning tools and online education.

China’s 2026–30 plan to expand Pakistan’s regional reach

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China’s 2026–30 plan to expand Pakistan’s regional reach

ISLAMABAD, Nov 19 (Wealth Pakistan) – China’s forthcoming five-year plan for 2026–2030 places a strong emphasis on regional connectivity, secure supply chains and resilient infrastructure. For Pakistan, this focus strengthens the long-term centrality of CPEC in Beijing’s regional vision and opens new opportunities to expand trade, logistics and digital links across South and Central Asia.

China shifts toward innovation-driven connectivity

In an interview with Wealth Pakistan, Dr Hassan Daud Butt, former CPEC project director and senior adviser at the China Study Centre and Energy China Pakistan, said China continues to anchor its global strategy in the Belt and Road Initiative.

He noted that CPEC remains essential because it offers a fast, cost-effective and time-efficient trade route to global markets. However, China’s development model is now expanding beyond roads and power plants.

According to him, China is moving toward integrated ecosystems that combine logistics, innovation and technology. He said Pakistan should treat this shift as an opportunity to reposition itself through innovation-based connectivity.

Gwadar needs efficiency improvements to achieve full potential

Dr Butt explained that Gwadar Port is transitioning from a traditional deep-sea port into a wider economic hub. However, Pakistan must overcome administrative and structural challenges to unlock this transformation.

He added that targeted Chinese investments in automated cargo handling, modern warehousing and cold-storage systems can greatly improve operational efficiency. With smoother processes and better infrastructure, Gwadar can become a competitive transit corridor for regional and global logistics operators.

A coordinated, technology-driven approach, he said, will position the port as a major gateway for South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East.

Pakistan can attract relocating Chinese industries

According to Dr Butt, Pakistan can absorb industries that China is gradually moving beyond. These include textiles, electronics, light engineering and consumer manufacturing.

He said Pakistan offers lower labour and land costs, which can attract such industries if the country improves the ease of doing business. He added that Pakistan should also revive targeted investment frameworks similar to those used successfully in 2013.

Governance reforms needed for sustained progress

Dr Butt acknowledged improvements in governance and coordination, particularly through the Special Investment Facilitation Council. He said the council has helped accelerate decision-making and improved investor confidence.

However, he stressed that long-term progress requires continued reforms. These include strengthening vocational training systems, improving the technical quality of the National Vocational and Technical Training Commission and enabling the Higher Education Commission to promote research aligned with emerging industries.

He emphasised that Pakistan must move beyond statements and adopt measurable reforms that translate into industrial change.

CPEC’s next phase aligns with China’s 2026–2030 connectivity plan

Meanwhile, Jamshed Ahmed, Investment and Industrial Specialist for CPEC at the Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives, told Wealth Pakistan that both countries are aligning CPEC with Pakistan’s development priorities under URAAN Pakistan.

He said the second phase of CPEC will focus on five corridors: Growth, Innovation, Green Development, Livelihood and Opening-Up/Regional Connectivity. According to him, the Regional Connectivity Corridor is fully aligned with China’s 2026–2030 connectivity strategy.

Multimodal connectivity to boost regional trade

Ahmed said the government is working on a multimodal initiative covering rail, road, sea and air links. The aim is to strengthen transportation routes for Pakistan’s landlocked neighbours, especially the Central Asian Republics. This approach will create shorter and more efficient trade corridors.

He added that Pakistan and China are also working jointly on developing special economic zones. Rashakai SEZ, being developed by a Chinese enterprise, is one example. Both sides are planning new model zones that will allow Pakistan to replicate modern development practices across future projects.

China’s 2026–30 Plan

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China’s 2026–30 Plan

China’s five-year plan for 2026–2030 places strong focus on institutional modernization, administrative efficiency, and long-term policymaking. As Beijing advances toward its 2035 goal of comprehensive modernization, the Communist Party of China (CPC) is prioritizing merit-based governance, digital oversight, and evidence-driven policy reforms. For Pakistan, where implementation gaps remain a major challenge, China’s approach provides practical guidance for strengthening governance systems.

Digital transformation becomes a core pillar

The Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee has presented a roadmap for building a high-standard socialist governance system aligned with China’s strategic objectives. A major pillar of the new plan is digital transformation across public administration. China aims to expand the use of big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence for predictive modelling, automated auditing, and smart city management.

Pakistan has already taken steps toward digitizing tax systems and public services. The creation of a unified national data platform—linking ministries, provinces, and districts—could reduce duplication, improve transparency, and strengthen evidence-based decision-making.

Meritocracy central to China’s governance model

Institutional meritocracy is another area where Pakistan can draw lessons. China’s cadre system promotes officials through rigorous performance assessments and continuous training. This ensures technical competence and accountability at all levels.

For Pakistan, depoliticizing administrative appointments and developing specialized career tracks in sectors such as technology, finance, and energy could help attract and retain professional talent in government institutions.

Long-term planning ensures policy continuity

China’s planning model aligns five-year plans with 15-year and 30-year visions. This structure provides continuity across political cycles and ensures short-term projects support long-term national goals.

Pakistan’s Vision 2025 and related frameworks could benefit from similar stability. Establishing a permanent National Development Coordination Council, modelled on China’s National Development and Reform Commission, would help minimize frequent policy shifts and improve planning discipline.

Public service delivery shifts toward integrated systems

China’s new plan also focuses on integrating social welfare, healthcare, and education systems through unified data platforms to improve service delivery. Pakistan’s fragmented public service systems could benefit from adopting interoperable models that allow provincial departments to share information and coordinate interventions more effectively.

Anti-corruption efforts rely on digital tracking

Accountability and anti-corruption remain central to China’s governance agenda. Through centralized supervision and digital tracking of public expenditure, China has reduced leakages and improved public spending efficiency. Pakistan could adopt similar digital tools, strengthen financial management systems, and expand e-procurement across development projects.

Rule-based governance strengthens institutions

China’s emphasis on rule-based governance ensures that institutions operate according to the law, with clearly defined administrative responsibilities. For Pakistan, comprehensive civil-service reforms and updated regulations could empower departments to act effectively while ensuring proper oversight.

Institutional learning through partnerships

Institutional exchanges between Pakistan and China could support administrative modernization. Knowledge sharing in areas such as local government finance, digital auditing, and infrastructure management can provide practical insights for reforming Pakistan’s governance systems.

Strong institutions key to sustainable development

Overall, China’s 2026–30 plan highlights the importance of strong institutions as the foundation of sustainable growth. Aligning Pakistan’s governance reforms with these principles could strengthen project delivery, financial management, and public trust. Stronger institutions would also enhance the credibility of Pakistan’s development agenda and help attract more foreign investment.

Expert views support China-inspired reforms

Dr. Abdul Jalil, Head of the Department of Economics at National Defence University, told Wealth Pakistan that Pakistan could benefit significantly from China’s 2026–30 Governance Reform Plan. He said the focus on institutional discipline and digital transformation is especially relevant for Pakistan, where governance challenges often stem from bureaucratic delays and weak coordination.

He noted that linking federal and provincial data platforms could streamline processes, enhance transparency, and boost accountability. The use of big data and artificial intelligence, he added, could strengthen public service delivery and reduce corruption. He said China’s meritocratic system offers a useful model for depoliticizing Pakistan’s civil service.

Speaking to Wealth Pakistan, Dr. Ikhtiyar Baig MNA, Member of the National Assembly Standing Committee on Commerce, said China’s plan offers an insightful roadmap for countries seeking to modernize institutions. He said China’s ability to align long-term goals with achievable reforms is a major lesson for Pakistan.

He added that China’s accountability mechanisms and performance-linked monitoring could strengthen Pakistan’s CPEC projects, industrial policy, and climate adaptation plans. Integrating big data for predictive modelling, he said, could help overcome delays and improve the effectiveness of public-sector initiatives. He noted that China’s focus on meritocracy and decentralized governance could support a more responsive administrative system in Pakistan.

China’s 2026–30 environmental agenda and Pakistan’s energy shift

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China’s 2026–30 environmental agenda and Pakistan’s energy shift

ISLAMABAD, Nov 18 (Wealth Pakistan): China’s upcoming Five-Year Plan for 2026–2030 places climate resilience and low-carbon development at the center of its national strategy. This direction creates major opportunities for Pakistan as it works to shift toward clean energy and climate-smart growth. As Beijing accelerates efforts to meet its 2060 carbon-neutrality target, it plans to expand its global partnerships in renewable energy, green finance and sustainable infrastructure.

China’s climate agenda and its implications for Pakistan

Environmental sustainability remains a top priority in China’s 2026–2030 plan. The agenda promotes cleaner air, safer water, and healthier ecosystems. It also supports a modern industrial system focused on energy efficiency, resource recycling and environmental protection. For Pakistan, this indicates that future CPEC cooperation will emphasize low-carbon development instead of fossil-fuel expansion.

Speaking to Wealth Pakistan, Muhammad Saleem, Climate Policy Analyst at the Ministry of Climate Change and Environmental Coordination, said China’s direction comes at a critical time for Pakistan. He noted that Pakistan faces recurring floods, heatwaves, glacial melt and rising water stress. Addressing these challenges, he said, requires affordable clean energy, decarbonisation and resilient infrastructure.

Saleem added that China’s renewed focus on renewable energy, green finance and low-carbon technologies aligns with Pakistan’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC 3.0). These commitments outline targets for reducing emissions and expanding clean-energy systems over the short and long term.

Opportunities under CPEC Green

According to Saleem, CPEC has already laid the foundation for cooperation in clean energy. The next phase, often referred to as CPEC Green, will offer avenues for investment in utility-scale solar and wind projects, battery storage, distributed renewable systems and upgraded transmission networks. He noted that opportunities are also emerging in green hydrogen, electric-vehicle manufacturing and urban transport electrification, areas where China holds strong industrial leadership.

China’s growing climate partnerships have created space for collaboration in climate-smart agriculture, water-resource management and early-warning systems. Saleem said these areas can help Pakistan strengthen climate resilience and support vulnerable communities.

Importance of green finance

Saleem stressed that green finance will play a vital role in Pakistan’s transition. China’s climate-finance instruments, including concessional lending, blended finance and support for nature-based solutions, can help Pakistan close its adaptation and mitigation investment gaps.

He said Pakistan can benefit by working closely with China to build a climate-resilient and low-carbon future. Stronger collaboration, he added, will support national energy security, economic stability and global climate action.

Lessons from China’s emissions trading system

In a conversation with Wealth Pakistan, Dr Muhammad Arif Goheer, Principal Scientific Officer and Head of Agriculture and Coordination at the Ministry of Climate Change, said Pakistan can learn from China’s Emissions Trading Scheme. He noted that China’s phased and structured approach offers a practical model for Pakistan as it pursues low-carbon growth.

Dr Goheer explained that China began with regional pilot programs and invested heavily in monitoring, reporting and verification systems. It then expanded to a national scheme. He said Pakistan could follow a similar path by starting with key sectors such as power and cement. This would allow the country to test compliance systems, registry processes and MRV protocols before expanding.

He added that these steps are essential for ensuring transparency, credible price discovery and investor confidence.

Building a credible carbon market

To align with global standards and the Paris Agreement’s Article 6 mechanisms, Dr Goheer advised Pakistan to establish clear cap-setting rules, define offset eligibility, and ensure transparent reporting. He said Pakistan should gradually move from free allocations toward auction-based mechanisms to improve market efficiency.

He also stressed the importance of stakeholder engagement. Industries, provincial governments and financial institutions, he said, must be involved to maintain political support and protect vulnerable sectors.

Overcoming barriers to green investment

Dr Goheer pointed out that Pakistan faces regulatory and institutional barriers that discourage Chinese investment in renewable energy and carbon markets. He said Pakistan should prioritize institutional strengthening, policy stability and streamlined approvals to attract foreign green investment.

He concluded that cooperation with China—through technology transfer, capacity building and joint pilot projects—can help Pakistan establish a credible carbon market and expand clean-energy development under CPEC.

Beyond CPEC

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Beyond CPEC

China’s upcoming Five-Year Plan for 2026–2030 places a strong focus on development and security. It aims to build resilient infrastructure, secure supply chains, and stronger regional connectivity. For Pakistan, this direction reinforces the importance of CPEC in China’s long-term strategy and creates new opportunities to improve logistics, trade, and digital links in South and Central Asia.

China’s evolving development model

In an interview with Wealth Pakistan, Dr Hassan Daud Butt, former Project Director CPEC and Senior Advisor at the China Study Center and Energy China Pakistan, said that China continues to rely on the Belt and Road Initiative for global outreach. CPEC, he noted, remains a central part of China’s plan to connect with major markets through fast and cost-efficient routes.

He explained that China’s current model goes beyond roads and power projects. The new focus is on integrated systems that connect logistics, technology, and innovation. He added that Pakistan should treat this shift as a chance to reposition itself and support technology-based and innovation-driven connectivity.

Gwadar Port’s future potential

Gwadar Port is moving from a deep-sea port to a wider economic hub. Dr Butt said Pakistan must overcome structural and administrative challenges to unlock its full potential.

He highlighted that targeted Chinese investment in automated cargo handling, warehousing, and cold-storage systems can improve efficiency. With better processes and upgraded infrastructure, Gwadar can offer a cost-effective and time-saving transit route. This approach can attract both regional and global logistics companies. He said that a coordinated and technology-driven model will help Gwadar emerge as a key gateway for trade across South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East.

Industrial relocation and investment potential

Dr Butt noted that Pakistan can benefit from industries that China is gradually shifting abroad. These include textiles, electronics, light engineering, and consumer manufacturing. Lower labour and land costs give Pakistan an advantage. He said Pakistan can attract these industries by improving ease of doing business and reviving investment frameworks that worked well in 2013.

He added that Pakistan has recently improved coordination through the Special Investment Facilitation Council. This has helped speed up decisions and build investor confidence. However, he stressed the need for regular reforms. These include strengthening vocational training, improving NAVTTC programs, and supporting research in universities for emerging industries.

Need for consistent institutional reforms

Dr Butt said Pakistan should focus on measurable reforms. To benefit from China’s evolving connectivity plans, Pakistan must ensure that policy goals turn into practical industrial progress. With timely reforms, he said, Pakistan can convert China’s next phase of innovation-based connectivity into a strong source of national growth.

China’s wider trade and connectivity drive

China plans to expand regional and bilateral trade agreements. It will also widen its network of high-standard free trade zones. In trade, China aims to increase intermediate goods, expand green trade, improve cross-border services regulation, and open more space for digital trade.

Aligning CPEC with Pakistan’s national priorities

In a conversation with Wealth Pakistan, Jamshed Ahmed, Investment and Industrial Specialist at CPEC, Ministry of Planning, Development and Special Initiatives, said both countries are aligning CPEC with Pakistan’s economic transformation plan, URAAN Pakistan.

He said the second phase of CPEC focuses on five corridors: Growth, Innovation, Green, Livelihood, and Opening-Up/Regional Connectivity. The connectivity corridor supports stronger regional trade links and matches China’s 2026–2030 strategy. Both sides are working to ensure that CPEC stays aligned with shared strategic priorities.

Strengthening regional links and SEZ development

Jamshed Ahmed said Pakistan is improving multimodal transport systems across rail, road, sea, and air. This effort aims to enhance trade with landlocked Central Asian states. Shorter and more efficient routes will help all regional partners.

He added that both countries have started joint development of Special Economic Zones. Rashakai SEZ, developed by a Chinese enterprise, is a key example. Pakistan and China now plan to expand this cooperation and develop more model zones. These zones, he said, will help Pakistan adopt successful development practices in other regions as well.

Pakistan’s export trends shift as multiple sectors record decline

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Pakistan’s export trends shift as multiple sectors record decline

ISLAMABAD, Nov 18 (Wealth Pakistan): Pakistan’s export performance during July–October 2025 showed mixed results across major commodity groups, according to newly released data from the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Several sectors posted year-over-year growth. However, many categories recorded clear declines in both quantity and value compared with the same period of 2024.

Mixed performance in leather and footwear

Leather manufactures showed marginal improvement. Total export value rose to 204,137 million rupees from 204,832 million rupees last year. Dollar earnings, however, slipped slightly to 204,137 thousand dollars from 204,832 thousand dollars. Leather garments increased from 754 thousand dozen to 832 thousand dozen. Rupee receipts rose from 25,592 million to 26,039 million. Dollar earnings changed slightly, rising from 91,888 thousand dollars to 92,177 thousand dollars. Leather gloves also posted gains, reaching 3,512 thousand dozen and 30,117 million rupees compared with 3,287 thousand dozen and 30,172 million rupees last year.

Footwear exports delivered mixed outcomes. Total footwear exports rose due to growth in other footwear. This category increased from 2,969 thousand pairs to 4,381 thousand pairs. Rupee earnings climbed from 2,877 million to 3,991 million. Dollar receipts rose from 10,340 thousand to 14,141 thousand. However, leather footwear and canvas footwear recorded declines in both quantity and value.

Increase in surgical goods and medical instruments

Surgical goods and medical instruments showed positive movement. Exports rose to 43,449 million rupees from 41,842 million rupees, while dollar earnings increased slightly to 147,835 thousand from 147,830 thousand dollars.

Declines in major industrial categories

Several industrial segments experienced notable decreases. Plastic materials declined sharply. Quantities fell from 152,549 metric tons to 99,467 metric tons. Rupee earnings dropped from 50,856 million to 30,139 million. Dollar receipts declined from 182,797 thousand to 106,685 thousand.

Pharmaceutical exports also decreased. Quantities fell from 33,031 metric tons to 29,367 metric tons. Dollar earnings declined to 137,031 thousand dollars from 155,443 thousand dollars.

Engineering goods posted mixed results. Electrical fans recorded a slight decrease in quantity but rose in both rupee and dollar value. However, transport equipment and other electrical machinery showed significant declines.

Cement exports show growth

Cement exports increased during the period. Quantities rose from 2,857,679 metric tons to 3,440,737 metric tons. Rupee earnings moved from 29,095 million to 29,053 million. Dollar receipts increased from 104,617 thousand to 104,619 thousand dollars.

Other items register steady improvement

According to data avaibale with Wealth Pakistan, Exports categorized as all other items rose to 221,755 million rupees from 211,053 million rupees in the same period of 2024. The increase reflected consistent growth across several smaller product groups.

Overall, Pakistan’s export basket recorded a 5.07 percent increase in rupee value and a 3.52 percent rise in dollar earnings during July–October 2025. Although several major sectors faced declines, gains in other categories supported a modest expansion in total export receipts during the first four months of the fiscal year.

Pakistan’s four-month import bill hits new high

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Pakistan’s four-month import bill hits new high

ISLAMABAD, Nov 18 (Wealth Pakistan): Pakistan’s import bill for July–October 2025 rose sharply to 6,529,174 million rupees, compared with 5,569,160 million rupees in the same period of 2024, according to new data released by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. In dollar terms, imports reached 23,104,559 thousand dollars, up from 20,002,635 thousand dollars last year, showing an increase of 15.51 percent.

Food imports continue to rise

The food group recorded imports worth 869,087 million rupees, rising from 651,198 million rupees last year. Milk, cream and milk food for infants showed a clear increase. Imports rose from 11,859 metric tons to 15,834 metric tons. The import value also increased to 13,776 million rupees and 48,723 thousand dollars.

Dry fruits and nuts posted higher values as well. Their import value rose to 15,582 million rupees and 56,158 thousand dollars. Quantities stood at 58,209 metric tons compared with 59,418 metric tons last year. Soyabean oil imports also increased. Quantities reached 60,809 metric tons compared with 59,340 metric tons, while the value rose to 18,716 million rupees and 66,108 thousand dollars.

Palm oil remained a major contributor. Imports increased to 1,250,138 metric tons from 1,085,469 metric tons. The import bill rose to 374,408 million rupees and 1,325,016 thousand dollars. Pulses also showed growth, rising to 391,377 metric tons and 72,231 million rupees.

Machinery imports show strong growth

Machinery imports reached 998,708 million rupees, up from 808,595 million rupees last year. Power generating machinery climbed to 73,376 million rupees. Office machinery also increased to 68,728 million rupees. Imports of electrical machinery and apparatus totaled 290,016 million rupees, compared with 298,698 million rupees in 2024.

Transport group records steep increase

Transport group imports rose sharply to 386,041 million rupees, compared with 180,459 million rupees last year. Road motor vehicle imports increased to 358,524 million rupees versus 173,306 million rupees last year. Motor car imports rose to 177,420 million rupees from 78,438 million rupees. Imports of aircraft, ships and boats also increased to 19,523 million rupees.

Petroleum group remains a major driver

The petroleum group continued to contribute significantly. Petroleum product imports increased to 1,455,466 million rupees from 1,423,233 million rupees. Petroleum crude imports also rose in value to 557,064 million rupees and 1,971,507 thousand dollars.

Textile, chemicals and metals post increases

Textile group imports reached 652,366 million rupees. Raw cotton imports grew to 149,697 million rupees from 123,647 million rupees. Synthetic fibre and synthetic and artificial silk yarn both recorded increases.

Agricultural and other chemicals climbed to 1,033,330 million rupees from 938,861 million rupees. Fertilizer imports reached 95,504 million rupees. Plastic materials totaled 834,292 million rupees.

The metal group also registered increases. Imports rose to 613,270 million rupees from 516,021 million rupees. Iron and steel scrap increased to 192,080 million rupees compared with 148,774 million rupees. Aluminium imports rose to 26,746 million rupees.

Miscellaneous imports rise as well

Miscellaneous items reached 119,541 million rupees. Rubber crude, rubber tyres and tubes, and wood and cork all posted increases. All other items together reached 400,864 million rupees compared with 369,578 million rupees in 2024.

According to data avaibale with Wealth Pakistan, Pakistan’s July–October 2025 import trend showed broad-based increases across major commodity groups. Energy, food, machinery, chemicals and transport equipment contributed significantly to the rise.

Trade deficit widens despite export pickup in October

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Trade deficit widens despite export pickup in October

ISLAMABAD, Nov 18 (Wealth Pakistan): Pakistan’s external trade performance showed mixed results in October 2025, with exports posting strong month-on-month growth while imports also recorded a significant rise, according to provisional data released by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (PBS).

Export growth strengthens but remains below last year

Exports in October 2025 totaled Rs. 800,841 million, showing an increase of 13.79 percent from Rs. 703,779 million in September 2025. However, exports were 3.29 percent lower than Rs. 828,052 million recorded in October 2024. In US dollar terms, exports stood at 2,849 million dollars, up 14.01 percent month-on-month but 4.46 percent lower than 2,982 million dollars a year earlier.

During July–October 2025, cumulative exports reached Rs. 2,950,407 million compared with Rs. 3,028,942 million in the corresponding period of the previous fiscal year, showing a decline of 2.59 percent. Dollar-based exports totaled 10,447 million dollars, down 4.05 percent from 10,888 million dollars last year.

Major export items included knitwear at Rs. 135,262 million, readymade garments at Rs. 104,249 million, bedwear at Rs. 81,814 million, petroleum products excluding top naphtha at Rs. 59,650 million, and cotton cloth at Rs. 40,347 million. Other notable items were rice (others) at Rs. 30,537 million, towels at Rs. 25,408 million, made-up articles at Rs. 19,100 million, cotton yarn at Rs. 15,876 million, and basmati rice at Rs. 15,195 million.

PBS data showed substantial variations among categories. Petroleum products excluding top naphtha increased by 507.44 percent over September 2025 and 597.91 percent over October 2024. Rice (others) rose 71.42 percent month-on-month, while basmati rice increased 31.29 percent. Cotton yarn declined 10.86 percent from September 2025, and cotton cloth fell 4.53 percent. Year-on-year, rice (others) dropped 62.55 percent and basmati rice 20.29 percent.

Imports rise sharply on yearly basis

Pakistan’s imports in October 2025 reached Rs. 1,726,145 million, up 4.69 percent from Rs. 1,648,853 million in September 2025 and 23.33 percent higher than Rs. 1,399,579 million in October 2024. In dollar terms, imports totaled 6,131 million dollars, an increase of 4.84 percent month-on-month and 21.65 percent year-on-year.

Cumulative imports for July–October 2025 amounted to Rs. 6,529,174 million compared with Rs. 5,569,160 million last year, an increase of 17.24 percent. Dollar-based imports reached 23,105 million dollars, up 15.51 percent from 20,003 million dollars recorded in the same period a year earlier.

Major imported items included petroleum crude at Rs. 152,957 million, petroleum products at Rs. 152,860 million, palm oil at Rs. 91,253 million, and iron and steel at Rs. 69,923 million. Other items included electrical machinery at Rs. 69,572 million, plastic materials at Rs. 64,131 million, LNG at Rs. 58,820 million, iron and steel scrap at Rs. 54,502 million, motor cars (CKD/SKD) at Rs. 48,156 million, and mobile phones at Rs. 40,710 million.

Trade deficit widens further

PBS reported the trade balance for October 2025 at Rs. -925,304 million and -3,282 million dollars. The cumulative trade balance for July–October 2025 stood at Rs. -3,578,767 million and -12,658 million dollars.

Trade balance under pressure as deficit hits $11.25 billion

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Trade balance under pressure as deficit hits $11.25 billion

ISLAMABAD, Nov 18 (Wealth Pakistan): Pakistan’s exports and imports of goods and services showed mixed trends during July–October FY26, as the overall goods and services deficit widened to 11,255 million dollars. The deficit stood higher than the 9,607 million dollars recorded in the same period of FY25. Monthly data also shows that the deficit reached 2,753 million dollars in October FY26, compared to 2,630 million dollars in September FY26.

Exports show modest rise

Exports of goods and services totaled 13,664 million dollars in July–October FY26. This marked an increase from 13,041 million dollars in the same period of FY25. Goods exports reached 10,630 million dollars during the four months, compared to 10,424 million dollars a year earlier. Services exports also increased to 3,034 million dollars from 2,617 million dollars.

IT services lead the growth

Telecommunications, computer and information services remained the strongest performer in the services sector. Their exports rose to 1,443 million dollars in July–October FY26, from 1,207 million dollars last year. Travel services also posted growth, reaching 347 million dollars compared with 225 million dollars in the same period of FY25. Other categories, such as construction, financial services, other business services, and government goods and services, recorded modest month-to-month variations.

Imports continue to rise

Pakistan’s total goods and services imports amounted to 24,919 million dollars in July–October FY26. This was higher than the 22,648 million dollars recorded in the same period of FY25. Goods imports rose to 20,721 million dollars, compared with 18,901 million dollars a year earlier. Transport-related imports increased to 1,745 million dollars from 1,604 million dollars. Travel-related imports climbed to 1,223 million dollars from 771 million dollars.

Higher services imports add pressure

Services imports reached 4,198 million dollars in July–October FY26. This was slightly higher than the 3,747 million dollars recorded in the corresponding period of FY25. Spending on telecommunications, computer and information services increased to 169 million dollars from 143 million dollars. Other business services also rose to 1,801 million dollars, compared with 1,691 million dollars a year earlier.

Trade gap remains substantial

The rising import bill, combined with modest export growth, continued to pressure the overall goods and services balance. The data for July–October indicates that although certain sectors, particularly IT services, showed resilience, the trade gap remained significant as the country entered the second quarter of FY26.

Lower land rates spur new factory development in Bahawalpur

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Lower land rates spur new factory development in Bahawalpur

LAHORE, Nov 18 (Wealth Pakistan) – Lower land rates at the Bahawalpur Industrial Zone have encouraged new investment, leading to the establishment of eight factories. The development is expected to create employment opportunities for residents across South Punjab.

Land rates attract new investors

Muhammad Sami, an official of the Punjab Industrial Estate Development and Management Company, told Wealth Pakistan that the government is offering land at significantly reduced rates compared to other parts of the district. He said the Punjab government is working to facilitate industrialists and encourage them to invest in Bahawalpur.

New factories under development

Sami stated that around eight factories are currently being set up in the Bahawalpur Industrial Zone under the government’s business-friendly approach. He said these projects will generate jobs and contribute revenue to support the national economy.

Zone made more functional

He added that the government is focused on making the zone fully functional rather than relying on announcements. Administrative processes have been simplified, and essential facilities ensured to support investors. “Our priority has been to remove obstacles that frustrate investors,” he said.

Long-term growth highlighted

Sami noted that the investment reflects sustained efforts rather than short-term activity. “Our goal is long-term industrial growth, not temporary activity,” he added.

Industrialists flag challenges

Some industrialists, however, expressed concerns about broader issues. Abdul Latif, a ginning factory owner, told Wealth Pakistan that incentives alone will not be effective without a level playing field. He said millers face high electricity and raw material costs and have repeatedly sought relief.

Cotton sector concerns

Latif said the ginning sector depends on cotton farmers, who may reduce cotton cultivation due to high input costs and low official prices. “Who would consider shifting to the Bahawalpur Industrial Zone when they are already struggling to survive—profit is out of the question,” he said.

Calls for affordable energy

Farhan Ahmed, another industrialist, acknowledged that the land rates at the zone are comparatively lower and that investor support has improved. However, he said these steps are not enough to boost industrial activity. He stressed that industries need affordable electricity if the government wants to promote industrialisation.

Competitiveness issues raised

Ahmed said Pakistan’s competitors are equipping their industries with modern technologies to meet buyer demands. “In Pakistan, however, those at the helm seem to be doing the opposite, making it difficult for entrepreneurs to survive,” he added.

Need for federal support

He appreciated the provincial government’s efforts but urged the federal government to contribute as well. “It is commendable that the provincial government is working hard for industrialisation. Now the federal government must lower gas and electricity rates so the business community can compete internationally,” he said.

Long-term policies needed

Ahmed added that long-term policies for sustained economic activity in South Punjab are urgently required. He said such progress will not be achievable without practical measures from the authorities.

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